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  Java8中的Stream常用方法
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      <p>Java8中，Stream数据流操作对集合操作做了极大的简化，学习了Stream，以后我们可以不用for循环就能对集合进行很多操作。</p>
<h2 id="Stream的初始化"><a href="#Stream的初始化" class="headerlink" title="Stream的初始化"></a>Stream的初始化</h2><p>Java中所有的Stream操作，都是针对流对象的，故使用Stream必须得初始化得到Stream类型对象：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Stream初始化：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Stream stream = Stream.of(<span class="string">"a"</span>,<span class="string">"b"</span>,<span class="string">"c"</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p>数组转换为Stream：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">String [] strArray = <span class="keyword">new</span> String[]&#123;<span class="string">"a"</span>,<span class="string">"b"</span>,<span class="string">"c"</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">Stream stream = Stream.of(strArray);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//或者</span></span><br><span class="line">Stream stream = Arrays.stream(strArray);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p>集合对象转换为Stream：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; list = Arrays.asList(strArray);</span><br><span class="line">stream = list.stream();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="流操作"><a href="#流操作" class="headerlink" title="流操作"></a>流操作</h2><h3 id="1、遍历操作-map"><a href="#1、遍历操作-map" class="headerlink" title="1、遍历操作(map)"></a>1、遍历操作(map)</h3><p>使用map操作可以遍历集合中的每个对象，并对其操作；</p>
<p>map操作后，使用<code>.collect(Collectors.toList())</code>可以得到操作后的集合。</p>
<p>eg:</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//1.1 遍历并转换为大写</span></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; output = wordList.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .map(String::toUpperCase)</span><br><span class="line">    .collect(Collectors.toList());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//1.2 对每个元素进行平方计算</span></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;Integer&gt; nums = Arrays.asList(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">List&lt;Integer&gt; squareNums = nums.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .map(n-&gt;n*n)</span><br><span class="line">    .collect(Collectors.toList());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>





<h3 id="2、过滤操作-filter"><a href="#2、过滤操作-filter" class="headerlink" title="2、过滤操作(filter)"></a>2、过滤操作(filter)</h3><p>利用filter可以对Stream中的数据元素进行过滤，通过过滤的元素会保留下来生成一个新的Stream。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; filterLists = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">filterLists.add(<span class="string">""</span>);</span><br><span class="line">filterLists.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">filterLists.add(<span class="string">"b"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">List afterFilterLists = filterLists.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .filter(s-&gt;!s.isEmpty())</span><br><span class="line">    .collect(Collectors.toList());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>





<h3 id="3、循环操作-forEach"><a href="#3、循环操作-forEach" class="headerlink" title="3、循环操作(forEach)"></a>3、循环操作(forEach)</h3><p>对Stream中的每个对象进行<strong>自定义操作</strong>，可使用forEach：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; forEachLists = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"b"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"c"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.stream().forEach(s-&gt;System.out.println(s));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>





<h3 id="4、返回特定结果集合-limit-skip"><a href="#4、返回特定结果集合-limit-skip" class="headerlink" title="4、返回特定结果集合(limit/skip)"></a>4、返回特定结果集合(limit/skip)</h3><ul>
<li>limit返回Stream的前面n个元素</li>
<li>skip则是跳过前n个元素</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; forEachLists = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"b"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"c"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"d"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"e"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">forEachLists.add(<span class="string">"f"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; limitLists = forEachLists.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .skip(<span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    .limit(<span class="number">3</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    .collect(Collectors.toList());</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//先跳过前2个元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//再取Stream剩余元素的前3，生成新的Stream并返回</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>





<h3 id="5、排序-sort-min-max-distinct"><a href="#5、排序-sort-min-max-distinct" class="headerlink" title="5、排序(sort/min/max/distinct)"></a>5、排序(sort/min/max/distinct)</h3><ul>
<li><p>sort可以对集合中的所有元素进行排序。</p>
</li>
<li><p>max，min可以找出Stream中最大/最小的元素。</p>
</li>
<li><p>distinct可以寻找出不重复的元素。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//1.对集合排序</span></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;Integer&gt; sortLists = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">sortLists.add(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">sortLists.add(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line">sortLists.add(<span class="number">6</span>);</span><br><span class="line">sortLists.add(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">sortLists.add(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;Integer&gt; afterSortLists = sortLists.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .sorted((In1,In2)-&gt;In1-In2)</span><br><span class="line">    .collect(Collectors.toList());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//2.获取最大长度的元素</span></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; maxLists = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"b"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"c"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"d"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"e"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"f"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">maxLists.add(<span class="string">"hahaha"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> maxLength = maxLists.stream()  <span class="comment">//获取列表中最长元素的长度</span></span><br><span class="line">    .mapToInt(s-&gt;s.length())</span><br><span class="line">    .max().getAsInt();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//3.对集合进行查重</span></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; distinctList = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">distinctList.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">distinctList.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">distinctList.add(<span class="string">"c"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">distinctList.add(<span class="string">"d"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; afterDistinctList = distinctList.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .distinct()<span class="comment">//去重</span></span><br><span class="line">    .collect(Collectors.toList())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>





<h3 id="6、匹配-Match相关"><a href="#6、匹配-Match相关" class="headerlink" title="6、匹配(Match相关)"></a>6、匹配(Match相关)</h3><p>有时，我们需要判断集合中是否全部满足条件，或判断集合中是否存在满足条件的元素，此时就可以使用match方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>allMatch：Stream中全部元素扶额传入的predicate，返回true；</li>
<li>anyMatch：Stream中任何一个元素符合传入的predicate，返回true；</li>
<li>noneMatch：Stream中不存在元素符合传入的predicate，返回true；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; matchList = <span class="keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">matchList.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">matchList.add(<span class="string">""</span>);</span><br><span class="line">matchList.add(<span class="string">"a"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">matchList.add(<span class="string">"c"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">matchList.add(<span class="string">"d"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//1.判断集合中是否存在“c”的字符串元素</span></span><br><span class="line">Boolean isExits = matchList.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .anyMatch(s-&gt;s.equals(<span class="string">"c"</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//2.判断集合中是否全不为空</span></span><br><span class="line">Boolean isAllNull = matchList.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .allMatch(s-&gt;s.isNotEmpty());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Boolean isAllNull2 = matchList.stream()</span><br><span class="line">    .noneMatch(s-&gt;s.isEmpty());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>




      
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        <button class="navbar-toggle"></button>
<nav class="navbar" style="opacity: 0.5;">
  
  <div class="logo">
    <a href="/"><img src="/images/ayer-side.svg" alt="滨书"></a>
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  <ul class="nav nav-main">
    
    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-item-link" href="/">主页</a>
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    <li class="nav-item">
      <a class="nav-item-link" href="/archives">归档</a>
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</nav>
<nav class="navbar navbar-bottom">
  
  <ul class="nav">
    <li class="nav-item">
      
      <a class="nav-item-link nav-item-search"  title="Search">
        <i class="ri-search-line"></i>
      </a>
      
      
      <a class="nav-item-link" target="_blank" href="/atom.xml" title="RSS Feed">
        <i class="ri-rss-line"></i>
      </a>
      
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>
<div class="search-form-wrap">
  <div class="local-search local-search-plugin">
  <input type="search" id="local-search-input" class="local-search-input" placeholder="Search...">
  <div id="local-search-result" class="local-search-result"></div>
</div>
</div>
      </aside>
      <div id="mask"></div>

<!-- #reward -->
<div id="reward">
  <span class="close"><i class="ri-close-line"></i></span>
  <p class="reward-p"><i class="ri-cup-line"></i>请我喝杯咖啡吧~</p>
  <div class="reward-box">
    
    <div class="reward-item">
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      <span class="reward-type">支付宝</span>
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    <div class="reward-item">
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<script src="/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>


<script src="/js/lazyload.min.js"></script>


<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>


<script src="/js/share.js"></script>



<script src="/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.js"></script>




<script>
  try {
    var typed = new Typed("#subtitle", {
    strings: ['人生如棋，吾愿为卒','愿你一生努力，一生无憾','不求事事顺意，但求无愧于心'],
    startDelay: 0,
    typeSpeed: 250,
    loop: true,
    backSpeed: 100,
    showCursor: true
    });
  } catch (err) {
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<script>
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    headingSelector: 'h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6',
    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer:'main',
    positionFixedSelector: '.tocbot',
    positionFixedClass: 'is-position-fixed',
    fixedSidebarOffset: 'auto',
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<script>
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
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<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
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            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

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                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
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            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
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            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script>




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